above is the circuit for the comparator design. the output from the comparator circuit will be connected to relay and the output from the relay will connect to the input for the PLC Logo. To construct this circuit, it needs amplifier OP07 with the variable resistor and 1k ohm resistor.
Voltage comparator is a circuit which compares two voltages
and switches the output to either high or low state depending upon which
voltage is higher. A voltage comparator based on opamp is shown here. Fig1
shows a voltage comparator in inverting mode
In non inverting comparator the reference voltage is applied
to the inverting input and the voltage to be compared is applied to the non
inverting input. Whenever the voltage to be compared (Vin) goes above the
reference voltage , the output of the opamp swings to positive saturation (V+)
and vice versa. Actually what happens is that, the difference between Vin and
Vref, (Vin – Vref) will be a positive value and is amplified to infinity by the
opamp. Since there is no feedback resistor Rf, the opamp is in open loop mode
and so the voltage gain (Av) will be close to infinity. So the output voltage
swings to the maximum possible value ie; V+. Remember the equation Av = 1 +
(Rf/R1). When the Vin goes below Vref, the reverse occurs.
So that, the output from the comparator circuit can be supported by the AC voltage because the voltage gain close to infinity.
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